硫素的营养诊断及对土壤、环境的影响

本文对硫素的营养诊断及硫肥对土壤、环境的影响作了系统的综述。内容主要包括硫肥的种类和性质、作物硫素营养诊断方法、硫肥的营养作用、土壤中硫的形态和作用以及硫肥对大气、水体的危害,并提出了施用硫肥时应注意的问题。     

舟山海岛城市园林绿化的现状及几点建议

对舟山市部分绿地布局结构不合理，种植设计单一，生态效益差，景观效果不理想等现状，提出了在绿化建设中应坚持以生态理论为依据。平面绿化和空间绿化相结合。以乔木为主，乔、灌、草、地被相结合，形成多层次，全方位的具有海岛特色的城市绿色和生态环境系统，从而开创了舟山海岛城市园林绿化新局面。     

Configuration and development of root systems of cuttings and seedlings of Eucalyptus globulus

Stem cuttings of Eucalyptus globulus are used within tree improvement programs and for mass deployment. To be successful, cuttings must perform as well or better than seedlings. The root systems of cuttings are fundamentally different from those of seedlings. If these differences influence growth, the differences and their consequences must be identified and the propagation system manipulated to improve performance of the propagules.Cuttings are only a viable alternative to seedlings as planting stock if the method of propagation does not affect their growth and development adversely. Full-sibling cuttings and seedlings of Eucalyptus globulus were compared under controlled environmental conditions to minimise extraneous sources of variation, and to establish whether changes in growth or development were induced by propagation. On three occasions over a period of eight weeks root-collar diameter, shoot height, leaf and stem weight, shoot/root ratios and root system morphology were measured on cuttings and seedlings. Seedlings were taller than cuttings throughout the experiment, but both plant types had similar height growth rates. Diameter growth rates were lower in cuttings than seedlings, and there were differences in both height and diameter growth rates between families. Root system configuration differed between the plant types. Seedlings had strongly gravitropic tap-roots, with two types of primary roots from which secondary roots emerged. Cuttings had no tap roots, and the main structural components of their root systems were adventitious roots formed during propagation. Cuttings did not develop further structural roots during the experiment, whereas seedlings continued to develop primary roots. Individual primary roots of cuttings were longer and had larger mid-point diameters than those of seedlings, but the total length of primary roots was greater in seedlings. Seedlings also had a greater number and total length of secondary roots. Shoot/root ratios, calculated from a range of functional measures, were higher in cuttings than seedlings.     

基于遥感与GIS的临淄区土地利用变化与生态环境效应研究

根据临淄区2008年、2012年和2018年三期土地利用数据,利用地理信息软件对2008-2018年这10年间临淄区的土地利用变化和生态环境效应进行了计算分析。结果表明:研究区2008~2018年主要土地利用类型为耕地和建设用地。10年间,草地和建设用地的面积增加,耕地、林地、水域和其他用地的面积减小,耕地减少的面积最大,建设用地增加的面积最多。草地增加的面积主要来自耕地和林地,建设用地主要来自耕地;耕地和水域为生态高敏感类型,林地为中敏感,草地低敏感,建设用地和其他用地不敏感。2008~2018年期间的土地利用类型变化导致临淄区中高风险、较高风险和低风险区域的面积不断增加,而中风险和低风险的面积不断减少,临淄区区域总体生态风险增加;10年间,生态环境质量指数逐年下降,2008~2012年,耕地转换为建设用地是生态环境质量恶化的主要因子,耕地转换为草地是生态环境质量改善的主要因子;2012~2018年,草地转换为建设用地是生态环境质量恶化的主要因子,建设用地转换为耕地是生态环境质量改善的主要因子。     

思茅区亚洲象活动现状及保护策略

采用野外监测、数据收集整理、村寨走访调查等方法,分析1996年以来亚洲象在思茅区的数量与分布情况。结果表明,在思茅活动的亚洲象数量逐渐增多,活动范围不断扩大,由于人—象冲突对周边区域的居民造成了较大损失。对亚洲象的生存环境现状的有利因素和不利因素进行分析,提出划定亚洲象的栖息地并严格保护,加大对亚洲象保护宣传力度和执法管理,完善亚洲象保护与监测信息系统,调整产业结构等保护管理建议。     

中央大街环境综合整治的经验和启示

作者依据工程实践，通过中央大街环境综合整治工程的经验，从城市的经济增长、旅游发展、活力的复兴、历史的延续到整体规划设计几方面，阐明了许多旧城及保护建筑历史文脉与现代城市发展相矛盾的解决办法。     

不同光环境下水曲柳幼树光合指标的生理反应

应用Li-640002B型光合仪对生长在不同光环境下的水曲柳幼树的光合特性进行了测定。统计分析结果表明,幼树对低光环境具有较强的适应能力,能够在0.512μmol·m-2·s-1的条件下正常生活。幼树光合速率最高可达13.0μmol·m-2·s-1,光饱和点(LSP)1000μmol·m-2·s-1左右,适生光环境为800～1000μmol·m-2·s-1。     

浅议建筑与环境

本文从建筑与环境的发展中总结出建筑与环境的关系,并强调建筑与其所处的环境是互相影响、互相渗透的;从而提出建筑与环境并举,二者应该和谐有序地发展。     

Vertical profiles of environmental factors within tropical rainforest, Lambir Hills National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia

Environmental factors, such as global solar radiation, wind speed, air temperature, humidity, and CO₂ concentration, were measured above and within the canopy of a tropical rainforest in Lambir Hills National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia. Few data concerning the environment of this forest have been reported. Intensive observations were carried out in 1998, 1999, and 2000 with the following results: (1) The fraction of global solar radiation reaching the upper layer of the canopy varied with global solar radiation above the canopy. Even though the global solar radiation above the canopy fluctuated, the fraction of that reaching the lower canopy and the ground was constantly approximately 5%. (2) The fraction of wind speed reaching each layer of the canopy increased with wind speed above the canopy. Little wind was usually present at the lower canopy. (3) The daytime air temperature at the canopy top was higher than that near the ground. The maximum difference between the air temperature at the canopy top and that at the ground was about 5°C, and the diurnal temperature ranges at the canopy top and those at the ground were about 8°C and about 5°C, respectively. The highest daytime water vapor pressure occurred within the canopy and particularly near the ground. Vertical gradients of water vapor pressure during the day were steep, probably because of high transpiration. (4) In the 1998 observation the minimum and the maximum CO₂ concentrations were 360 ppm in the day and 450 ppm at night, while in the 2000 observation the minimum and the maximum CO₂ concentrations were 350 ppm in the day and 540 ppm at night. The higher CO₂ concentration in the daytime and the lower concentration at night observed during the 1998 observation period were probably due to reduced photosynthesis and soil respiration caused by exceptional dry conditions during the observation period.     

林木绿化工程改善工业污染区生态环境的研究

通过对广州市员村工业区２０个监测点的大气监测资料及天河区环境监测站１９８９年～１９９４年连续６ａ大气监测资料，运用模糊数学进行环境现状及回顾评价，采用统计方法进行方差分析，并用灰色系统理论建立污染物时空分布模型，找出污染物分布规律，获得员村地区环境现状及发展趋势的基本资料．同时在对员村植被与绿化现状调查研究基础上，依据环境生态及生态园林理论和国家一级大气环境质量标准，组建高效的自然净化系统．